ࡱ> KMJ%` #bjbjNN 2:,,w%846$!>f|"d!f!f!f!f!f!f!$#$h&!   !!UUU d!U d!UU Z AsrldH!!0!,+'|+' +' ,VU_!!!    dfdf  DROUGHT RISK REDUCTION Assessing Progress on the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action A Contribution to the 2009 ISDR Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction The Drought Network Facilitated by UNISDR, Nairobi 9 December 2008 DRAFT The following progress has been noted in the implementation of HFA in the Africa Region. Trends in Global and regional progress Following the endorsement at the seventh meeting of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Disaster Reduction in April 2003 on the proposal of a global drought risk reduction network, UNDP Drylands Development Centre (DDC), the Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR) and the UNISDR Africa regional outreach office started to work with the regional drought monitoring centres in the development of a regional network for Sub-Saharan Africa. This work resulted in a network called African Drought Risk and Development Network (www.droughtnet.org), which has been operated by the UNDP DDC. The network aims to promote the development of coordinated drought risk reduction strategies for Africa. To this end, several meetings have been held in recent years, including the annual African Drought Risk and Development Forums. The most recent (third) session of the Forum, entitled African Drought Adaptation Forum, was convened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 17 to 19 September 2008 promoting knowledge exchange and networking by bringing together representatives of governments, international, regional, and UN organizations, institutions and networks, experts and practitioners where the five main elements of drought risk reduction which had been proposed at the previous session of the Forum were reviewed and more elaborated. Within the framework of its mandate, the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) is increasing the emphasis of its work on climate change, an emerging considerable challenge that threatens to derail progress in achieving the MDGs and sustainable development in Africa. Indeed, projected impacts of climate change in Africa include increase in droughts, floods and other extreme events, which would exacerbate the stress on water resources, agriculture, food security, human health, and infrastructure, and thereby constrain development. Such threats are compounded by the low adaptive capacity of the continent, which features among the poorest regions of the world that will likely be disproportionately affected by the adverse effects of climate change. To address the related challenge, ECA has been working with other continental institutions, within the framework of the Joint Secretariat of the African Union Commission (AUC), ECA and the African Development Bank (AfDB), to develop appropriate climate change response policy and intervention agenda for the Africa region. In this regard the African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC) is being established and ClimDev-Africa Programme has been developed. The overall goal of these two initiatives is to contribute to poverty reduction through successful mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Africa and to improve the capacity of African countries to participate effectively in multilateral climate negotiation. (Sources:  HYPERLINK "http://www.uneca.org/eca_resources/Publications/books/drought/index.htm" http://www.uneca.org/eca_resources/Publications/books/drought/index.htm, and The African Drought Risk and Development Network Newsletter, UNDP DDC, November 2008) Trends in country progress For the period of 2006-2007, with funding from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), UNISDR Africa has coordinated support to countries in the Horn of Africa for enhancing coordination mechanisms and harmonizing policies on drought risk reduction. These activities are being implemented in close collaboration with government agencies, bilateral and multilateral agencies, civil society organizations and scientific and academic institutions. In Kenya, SIDA activities have enabled the National Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction to set up a thematic group of experts on drought. The Government is also in the process of adopting a National Disaster Mitigation Policy as well as an Arid and Semi-Arid Land Policy both of which are factoring in drought risk reduction. In Uganda, SIDA support has enabled the government to advance the process of consultations towards development of a National Policy on Drought Risk Reduction. The Drought Policy will complement the on-going capacity building efforts of the government for strengthening national policy framework on disaster risk reduction supported by OCHA, UNDP and UNISDR Africa Regional Unit. In Eritrea, under the UNDAF framework, close collaboration with the UN Country Team and the government is expected to lead to the preparation of a National Disaster Policy as well as the establishment of early warning systems on drought. Drought policies and programmes in other countries in the sub-region, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have been reviewed as well, and the findings will be consolidated into a regional synthesis report to promote the drought risk reduction at the sub-regional level. This catalytic funding and soft assistance directed towards capacity building of national and sub-regional policies and institutions is expected to enable the countries in the Horn of Africa to address future droughts in a more systematic manner. In Namibia, when introducing a package of short-term drought relief measures in May 1995, the government simultaneously established a task force to draw up a national emergency and long-term drought management policy. This was done in recognition of the fact that Namibia is an arid country where dry years are the norm. Declaring drought too frequently is expensive for the government, can create dependency among aid recipients, and can promote resource degradation through inappropriate assistance. The Task Force convened several consultations from 1996 until the endorsement of the national drought policy by the government in 2005. Namibias drought policy is concerned with developing an efficient, equitable and sustainable approach to drought management. The policy aims to shift responsibility for managing drought risk from government to the farmer, with financial assistance and food security interventions only being considered in the event of an extreme or disaster drought being declared. The thrust of the policy is a move away from regular financial assistance to large numbers of private-tenure and communal-tenure farmers to measures that support the on-farm management of risk. The Governments involvement with drought will move beyond an exclusive focus on emergency drought programmes to a broader, longer-term perspective. (Sources: 2nd African Drought Risk and Development Forum Report, Nairobi, October, 2006; Republic of Namibia, National Drought Policy and Strategy, 1997). .     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