This is how we can make buildings earthquake-proof
- Countries such as Chile and Japan, which face regular earthquakes, have many regulations to ensure buildings can withstand these events as well as possible.
- Building damage is the primary cause of death, injury and property loss suffered from earthquakes, says the US Resiliency Council.
- Designers can help buildings withstand quake shocks by adding a flexible steel skeleton, or fitting a ‘base isolation’ system to separate the building from its foundations.
- Making buildings that can withstand earthquakes not only saves lives, but reduces the economic and environmental consequences of these disasters.
Every country has hundreds of rules and regulations surrounding the construction of buildings. In countries such as Chile and Japan, which face regular earthquakes, many extra rules have been put in place to ensure buildings can withstand these disasters as well as possible.
, and has faced more than a dozen quakes of at least magnitude 7 in the past 50 years. But loss of life has been kept low – a fact that the says is partly down to Chile’s strict building codes.
The rules were updated after the country faced the world’s biggest earthquake in 1960. They ensure buildings are constructed in a way that allows them to .
How to make a building earthquake-proof
When an earthquake strikes, it creates horizontal forces that shake buildings from side to side.
Because buildings are made of concrete, which is strong but has little flexibility, these forces can stretch the concrete and cause it to crack.
Designers can remedy this by adding a flexible steel skeleton made of something called rebar, which is also known as reinforcement steel. and enhances its ability to withstand force.
This is because and can help the building return to its original shape.
Shock absorbers for buildings
Buildings can also be fitted with “base isolation” systems to separate the building from its foundations through the use of springs or runners. This means that when an earthquake starts, the resulting movement will not impose stress on the structure of the building.
This system is used – such as thick blocks of rubber – to help them stay stable during tremors.
After the Kobe earthquake in 1995, which killed more than 6,000 people, , the New York Times reported. Like Chile, it put in place .
The benefits of quake-resistant buildings
“,” says the US Resiliency Council, which runs rating systems for building performance.
It says making sure buildings can withstand earthquakes not only saves lives and prevents injuries, but reduces the economic consequences of these disasters. There are also environmental benefits, as there is less need for debris to go to landfill, and no consumption and emissions spent on reconstruction efforts.
, with over $70 billion of this needed to repair homes.
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and wildfires are the second-most severe risk facing the world over the next two years, according to the .
Research is being undertaken into any potential links between climate change and earthquakes, but NASA geophysicist Paul Lundgren told website Green Matters that: "We’re simply .”
The US Geological Survey says that the only correlation noted between earthquakes and weather is that large changes in atmospheric pressure – such as those caused by large storms – can trigger .