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This document provides general principles and orientation for practitioners and policymakers involved in climate change adaptation programmes. As part of its corporate learning strategy on climate change adaptation, IFAD has analyzed case studies from Sudan, India, Rwanda, Mali and Swaziland to find out whether participatory mapping – used in combination with other participatory methods – has had measurable effects for the development of local adaptive capacity. Case studies results shows that the ability to understand and manage risks in a changing environment is a prerequisite for poor rural people to move out of poverty.