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This paper aimed to estimate the association between cold spells and cause-specific mortality and to evaluate the mortality burden in China. Few multicity studies have evaluated the association between cold spells and mortality risk and burden.

The study provides evidence for the significant relative risks of non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality associated with cold spells. The findings on vulnerable populations and differential risks in different climatic zones may help establish region-specific forecasting systems against the hazardous impact of cold spells.