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This guidance note presents “why” and “how” the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process can be utilized as a key mechanism and driver to mainstream and upscale ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA). It is based on a recent analysis of 19 completed NAP documents that reviewed the inclusion of ecosystems and uptake of EbA measures. The document builds on the lessons learned from the review and identifies guiding principles and actions accordingly. Following the introduction, Section 2 provides an overview of ecosystems, ecosystem services and their role in adaptation, and how managing their transformation under a changing climate can contribute to reducing climate risks and impacts for both people and ecosystems. It further provides guidance on effectiveness criteria for EbA solutions. Section 3 lays out the rationale of why the NAP process is the most appropriate strategic planning tool to mainstream and upscale EbA. The remainder of the document focuses on guiding principles and recommended actions along the steps of the NAP process to integrate and enhance EbA. Finally, the brief links to useful tools and resources related to the recommended actions.

The guidance will be useful for NAPs, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and biodiversity focal points, and country-level teams engaged in the planning and implementation of NAP processes, as well as support programs that engage in NAP elaboration and financing.