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This brief puts the case that because not all countries have equal capacity to adapt to climate change, and because those with the least capacity are hit first and hardest by impacts, it is critical that the Paris Agreement’s capacity building provisions are implemented successfully.

To do this, the authors argue, climate leaders must learn from existing work under other international regimes to ensure the effectiveness of their programs. This includes support for long-term capacity building, with recipient countries taking ownership of the work.

The authors analyzed data in development agency reports, and derive policy pointers from their findings. These are as follows:

• International and national support through institutions and financing is critical for successful capacity building.
• Capacity building must be designed to be long-term and self-sustaining.
• National ownership by recipient countries of capacity building efforts is key to ensuring their success.
• Education, training, and awareness-building on human rights is central to sustaining long-term capacity building.