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This profile is part of a series of Climate Risk Country Profiles developed by Climate Change Group of the World Bank Group. This country profile aim to present a high-level assessment of the climate risks faced by Mexico, including rapid-onset events and slow-onset changes in climate conditions, many of which are already underway, as well as summarize relevant information on policy and planning efforts at the country level.

Mexico’s climate features a wide range of temperature distributions, one rainy and dry season annually at different times depending on the region, and several strong influencing factors – the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and associated monsoon, mountainous topography, and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). By midcentury, Mexico is likely to experience higher minimum and maximum temperatures, and hotter apparent conditions due to high atmospheric moisture content. Mexico is also likely to experience greater precipitation intensities, though the timing and extent of extreme anomalies vary by state. These conditions pose risks for food security, flood-related safety, disease ranges, biodiversity, and living conditions.