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This profile provides an overview of climate risks in Rwanda, including how climate change will potentially impact four key sectors in the country: agriculture, water, human health, ecosystems and energy. The brief also includes an overview of historical and future climate trends in Rwanda, the policy context outlining existing climate risk strategies and plans, and a list of ongoing projects that focus on climate adaptation.

Rwanda has experienced strong economic growth in recent years, but rising temperatures and variable rainfall may adversely impact these positive trends. Agriculture employs nearly 70 percent of the population and accounts for 50 percent of Rwanda’s export revenue. Rising temperatures and increased duration of dry spells threaten high value crop production as agriculture zones shift to higher elevations and create additional pressures on water resources. Heavy rainfall and flooding events increase the risk of diarrheal and other waterborne diseases, population displacement, and damage to infrastructure. Rwanda’s diverse ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to increased temperatures and heavy rainfall events which can impact tourism, threaten biodiversity, and exacerbate soil erosion and land degradation.