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Irregular rains from 1998 until winter 2001 - particularly in the east of El Salvador - seriously damaged the crops of families on subsistence incomes. Other natural disasters and an economic crisis further aggravated the situation. To reverse the effects of the drought, the Spanish Red Cross, the Salvadorean Red Cross Society and the Regional Delegation created the Drought Response and Mitigation Project with on overall objective: to increase the capacity of subsistence farmers in the east of the country to better respond to and recuperate from future unfavourable climatic conditions. This case study looks at the impacts of this programme and the lessons learned from it.