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This briefing presents the current status of national adaptation actions across Europe, with an emphasis on recent developments and lessons learned since the reporting in 2021. Key messages from the briefing include:

• Heat waves, droughts, floods, heavy precipitation are the most reported observed extreme weather events, while changing temperatures and hydrological variability are the most common chronic hazards. For most temperature- and water-related hazards the majority of countries report an expected increase of frequency and/or intensity for the future. 
• National climate risk assessments are increasingly used to inform adaptation policy development. Almost half of the reporting countries have delivered these new assessments since 2021, although countries with legal obligations for repeated climate risk assessments are still an exception and a minority of countries are yet to produce their first national overarching assessment. 
• The adaptation policy landscape is gradually evolving and climate laws are increasingly emerging as an instrument to give greater legal power to such policies. Nine new national adaptation strategies and/or plans have been approved and adopted by countries since 2021, while others are still in the process of revising and adopting them.