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The report provides descriptions and analysis of climate conditions and variations from across the Earth system, key events and their impacts, and a discussion of climate policy and action with a focus on human health. The ESOTC also includes updates on the long-term evolution of key Climate Indicators. In 2023, the impacts of climate change continued to be seen across Europe, with millions of people impacted by extreme weather events, making the development of mitigation and adaptation measurements a priority.

The key messages from the report include:

• 2023 was the joint warmest or second warmest year on record depending on the dataset
• Average sea surface temperature for the ocean across Europe was highest on record
• Adverse health impacts related to extreme weather and climate events is rising
• Alps saw exceptional glacier ice loss
• Record proportion of actual electricity generation by renewables in Europe, at 43%.