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In this study, a geographic information system (GIS)-based correction method is proposed to make modifications in high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) by adding building complexes and removing unphysical representations of bridges for a more realistic description of flood paths in considering the flow connectivity in intensely urbanized areas and with the objective of obtaining more accurate flood simulation results.

Flood modelling can provide useful information to support flood risk assessment and management. The accuracy of flood simulation results is highly dependent on the quality of input data. In particular, DEMs may directly influence the performance of flood predictions and improper representation of complex urban features including buildings and bridges may lead to incorrect prediction of flooding paths and extents, and consequently miscalculate flood risk.

The proposed DEM correction method is applied to support large-scale urban flood modelling in Fuzhou City, China, using an established hydrodynamic flood model known as High-Performance Integrated hydrodynamic Modelling System (HiPIMS). Comparisons are made to the simulation results with and without the DEM improvements using the proposed correction method. The results demonstrate that correct representation of the artificial structures in the urban DEM can significantly improve the flood simulation results.