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This report seeks to integrate thinking on the nature of future catastrophes into the policymaker’s decisionmaking process. The report examines the major shortcomings in humanitarian response as it presently exists in order to identify areas where U.S. leadership could have the most significant impact. The report also proposes that the military and the corporate sector can play an important-even essential-role in crisis management, but only if they undertake this role in a considered and balanced way. The main challenge for the United States is how to bring these communities together in ways that will allow them to build on each other’s strengths, without sacrificing their independence. Finally, this study offers five main recommendations to refashion international response mechanisms and prioritize crisis management within the government.