Ä¢¹½´«Ã½

This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research, in relation to the increased risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport associated with large-scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research.

This paper adds value to maritime policy and research by critically assessing the concepts and existing conceptual frameworks. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks, as outlined below:

• Assessment models should provide clearer and sharper guidance pertaining to real world risk management and risk reduction decision making along maritime transport and supply chains. Different scales of analysis and different scenarios should be provided. 
• New and comprehensive risk assessment frameworks for marine exposure to different natural hazards are needed to answer different needs of risk management decision-making at different levels.
• Each risk assessment model can suggest different policy implications in maritime transport policy. Present exercises in risk assessment have been largely limited to a single natural hazard approach. Therefore, for future research agenda, one can assess multi-hazard scenarios and the impacts on maritime transport.
• In addition, research can be extended to investigate the interplay between existing human-made hazards and multi-hazards and their impact on both maritime transport and supply chains. Social–economic and political implications of multi-stressors and complex interplay between the hazards can be considerable and are important topics which deserve more research.

Journal of Maritime Policy & Management, Volume 0, Issue 0, November 2016, pp. 1-15.
Published with author's permission.​