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Secure land and property rights are an essential aspect of planning for and delivering sustainable human settlements, as recognised in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and its New Urban Agenda. Secure land tenure schemes can play an especially important role in enabling households, communities and cities to adapt to climate change, for example, by providing secure access to land and shelter and by enabling investment in resilient infrastructure. As effective and equitable land governance can also underpin the realisation of many other development objectives, national governments can further their agendas for economic development, poverty eradication and climate change adaptation by promoting fair and transparent land tenure systems.

In Tanzania, the national government is working to establish clear urban land ownership and tenure systems,which drive economic productivity and enhance quality of life. This policy brief reviews some key elements of the programme by focusing on the 20,000 Plots Project, which aims to give increased land access and security across and beyond Dar es Salaam. To date, the project is the largest land delivery scheme that has ever been undertaken in Tanzania. In terms of the number of plots formalised, the depth of technical and institutional capacities developed, and the involvement of a wide range of governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, the project can be considered a major achievement.