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Nine tsunami-affected districts in Aceh, Indonesia were surveyed between February and August 2005 with the aim of characterizing tsunami mortality. The surveys encompassed 1,653 tsunami-displaced households with a pre-tsunami population of 9,635 individuals. Of the original pre-tsunami population, a total of 1,642 people, or 17.0%, were reported as dead or missing in the tsunami. Crude mortality rates in the four survey areas ranged from a high of 23.6% in Aceh Jaya district on the West Coast to 5.3% on the East Coast. Age-specific mortality rates followed a similar pattern across the four survey areas, with the highest mortality concentrating in the youngest children (aged 0-9) and oldest adults (70+). The relative risk of mortality was significantly greater among females than males (p 0.05 for all surveys). While sex-specific mortality rates differed significantly between the ages of roughly 10 to 69, among younger children (particularly 0-4) and adults 70 or over, sex-specific mortality differences disappeared.