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This report gives an overview of action that can be taken to adapt cities in Europe and the progress made over the last couple of years, and it puts this in relation to the future challenges that the impacts of climate change pose. It targets local, regional, national and European governments and organisations as well as experts and researchers concerned with urban adaptation. Beyond that, it includes ideas that may interest communities, individual citizens or businesses.

The recommendations made by the publication are organised per stakeholder:

• local government:
  • embracing change and incorporate adaptation into positive plans and investments in the future;
  • expanding urban planning horizons in space and time;
  • reshaping urban environment;
  • tailoring the design of stakeholder engagement process to local conditions;
  • developing sound business cases for urban adaptation.
• national government, regional and international organisations:
  • supporting sustainable urbanisation as cities become engines of a sustainable economy;
  • upscaling and transferring knowledge;
  • developing and harvesting an urban adaptation knowledge base;
• researchers and knowledge providers:
  • developing a knowledge base relevant to local priorities (implement and monitor measures);
  • filling knowledge gaps.